Chemical vs. Physical Sunscreen: Which is Better for You?

When it comes to protecting your skin from the sun’s harmful rays, sunscreen is non-negotiable. But with shelves lined with dozens of choices, you may have wondered: What’s the difference between chemical and physical sunscreen—and which one is better? 

Chemical Sunscreen (Organic Filters)

Chemical sunscreens use active ingredients such as avobenzone, oxybenzone, octinoxate, or octocrylene. These compounds absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin.

Pros:

• Tends to blend more easily into skin without a white cast.

• Often more water- and sweat-resistant.

• Offers broad-spectrum coverage when formulated properly.

Cons:

• Can cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive skin types.

• Some ingredients (e.g., oxybenzone) have raised environmental concerns and potential hormone-disrupting effects.

• May take 15–30 minutes after application to become effective.

Physical Sunscreen (Mineral Filters)

Physical (or mineral) sunscreens use ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, which sit on the surface of the skin and reflect UV rays.

Pros:

• Begins working immediately upon application.

• Less likely to irritate sensitive or acne-prone skin.

• Broad-spectrum by nature; particularly effective against both UVA and UVB rays.

• Environmentally safer, particularly for coral reefs.

Cons:

• Can leave a visible white cast, especially on darker skin tones.

• May feel heavier or chalkier on the skin.

What Does the Evidence Say?

Effectiveness

Both types can be effective when applied properly. According to a 2019 study in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and UVA protection ratings are more predictive of performance than the filter type. In other words, how well a sunscreen protects depends more on the SPF rating and how it’s used than whether it’s chemical or physical.

Safety

• Chemical filters like oxybenzone have been shown in some studies (e.g., JAMA, 2020) to enter the bloodstream after topical application, though no conclusive evidence suggests this is harmful at typical use levels. The FDA is currently reviewing safety data.

• Mineral sunscreens are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) by the FDA as of 2021, especially for young children and pregnant women.

Environmental Impact

• Hawaii and some other regions have banned sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate due to their potential harm to coral reefs.

• Mineral sunscreens are considered reef-safe, making them a preferred choice for ocean lovers.

Which One Should You Use?

It depends on your skin type, lifestyle, and values:

Skin Type or Need	Best Choice
Sensitive or acne-prone	Physical
Daily wear under makeup	Chemical
Children or infants	Physical
Water sports or sweating	Chemical (water-resistant)
Eco-conscious use	Physical

Bottom Line: Use What You’ll Use Consistently

The best sunscreen is the one you will apply daily, in the right amount, and reapply every two hours when exposed to sun. Whether you choose chemical or physical, make sure it’s broad-spectrum, SPF 30 or higher, and water-resistant if needed.

Sources (Accessed July 29, 2025):

• American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)

• FDA Sunscreen Regulations (2021 Update)

• Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2020

• Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2019