Understanding Autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. The word “spectrum” reflects the wide range of ways autism can appear. Some individuals may have challenges with speech and social interaction, while others may excel in certain skills but experience sensory sensitivities or strong routines. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 36 children in the U.S. are now identified as being on the autism spectrum [CDC, 2023]. Autism is influenced by genetics and environment, but it is important to note that vaccines are not a cause, a fact confirmed by decades of rigorous research [WHO, 2021].

Diagnosis

Early recognition of autism makes a significant difference in long-term outcomes. Diagnosis typically begins with developmental screening, often performed during well-child visits with a pediatrician or family doctor. Physicians look for signs such as limited eye contact, delayed speech, lack of pointing or gestures, and repetitive behaviors. If concerns arise, a comprehensive evaluation may be recommended.

A full evaluation may involve specialists such as developmental pediatricians, psychologists, or neurologists. It often includes observing the child’s behavior, reviewing developmental history, and using standardized tools like the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) or the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R). While most diagnoses occur in early childhood, some individuals are not diagnosed until adolescence or adulthood, especially those with milder symptoms. Family doctors play an important role in coordinating care and guiding families through this process.

Treatment & Support

There is no “cure” for autism, but there are many effective treatments and supports that help individuals thrive. The most successful approaches are personalized to the individual’s strengths and needs. Common evidence-based treatments include:

• Behavioral Therapies: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is the most researched. Modern ABA emphasizes positive reinforcement and skill-building rather than rigid drills.

• Speech and Language Therapy: Helps improve communication, from verbal speech to the use of communication devices.

• Occupational Therapy: Supports daily living skills, fine motor coordination, and sensory integration.

• Social Skills Training: Teaches children and adolescents how to navigate friendships, teamwork, and community settings.

• Family Support and Education: Equipping parents and caregivers with strategies improves both the child’s progress and family well-being.

In addition to therapies, schools often provide individualized education plans (IEPs) to support learning needs. Some families also benefit from support groups, counseling, or training programs that build resilience and reduce stress.

Living with Autism

While challenges exist, autism also brings unique strengths. Many individuals on the spectrum demonstrate exceptional memory, problem-solving ability, or creativity. Advocates such as Dr. Temple Grandin remind us that autism should be understood as “different, not less.” Increasingly, workplaces and universities are recognizing the value of neurodiversity and creating programs that welcome autistic talent.

For families, the journey can feel overwhelming at times. But with early diagnosis, supportive treatment, and a compassionate medical team, children and adults with autism can lead fulfilling and connected lives.

Resources in Washington State

1. Arc Washington & Arc of King County

• Arc Washington (Statewide): Offers the AS360 resource hub, guides for parents/caregivers, and tools to navigate autism-related services like medical care and special education. 

• The Arc of King County: Provides support groups, parent-to-parent peer networks, information on respite care, social security benefits, housing, education transitions, and more. 

2. Washington Autism Alliance & Advocacy (WAA)

• Statewide nonprofit that expands access to services, education, and healthcare for people with autism and IDD. Offers parent partners, advocates, training workshops, and social groups. 

• Includes listings of local support groups including Asperger’s Northwest, peer support, and online communities. 

3. UW Institute on Human Development and Disability (IHDD)

• In Seattle, this center provides a wide range of autism-related resources, including support groups, therapy, education, and recreational programs. 

• The Organizations page lists local groups and services for navigating healthcare and social support systems. 

4. Seattle Children’s Autism Center

• This center offers patient and family education — multilingual resources, videos, classes, “What is Autism?” guides, living-with-autism materials, and transition support. 

• Operates the “Resources & Connection Through The Arc of King County” blog and materials to help connect families to local services. 

5. Support Groups (Psychology Today Directory)

• A searchable directory of support groups for autism within King County—e.g., teen social skills groups, peer support, family-focused groups. 

6. Washington State Department of Health – Disability Organizations

• A comprehensive listing of statewide disability-support services. Includes Washington Autism Alliance & Advocacy, AbleLight (Renton), employment services, and other county-specific supports.